STUDIES OF INDIAN ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????AT PRESENT
INTRODUCTION
?In today's change has become an inevitable part of life. Organizational development is a change management strategy which has been in operation science last 40 years so years .it is based in understanding of behavioral science and it is concerned with how people and organization function and how they can be made to function better thought effective use of human and social process. The turbulence facing the modern man and organization is at level that may not have been experienced before in human history. Modern change are more revolutionary than evolutionary as we have understood historical change .the change may be influenced by consumer testes change, competition, arising from new technology, changing culture, process and higher demand for efficiency effectiveness and profitable and sustainability. Change may also arise from government legislation or demographic as age, society and workplace.
??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????Significant organizational change occurs, for example, when an organization changes its overall strategy for success, adds or removes a major section or practice, and/or wants to change the very nature by which it operates. It also occurs when an organization evolves through various life cycles, just like people must successfully evolve through life cycles. For organizations to develop, they often must undergo significant change at various points in their development. That's why the topic of organizational change and development has become widespread in communications about business, organizations, leadership and management.
ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT??
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Organization Development (OD) is a planned, organization-wide effort to increase an organization's effectiveness and viability. Warren Bennie, has referred to OD as a response to change, a complex educational strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of organization so that they can better adapt to new technologies, marketing and challenges, and the dizzying rate of change itself. OD is neither "anything done to better an organization" nor is it "the training function of the organization"; it is a particular kind of change process designed to bring about a particular kind of end result. OD can involve interventions in the organization's "processes," using behavioral science knowledge as well as organizational reflection system improvement; planning and self-analysis .OD is long term efforts led and supported by the top management, to improve an organization's vision, empowerment, learning and problem solving process through an ongoing collaborative management of an organization's culture with special emphasis on the culture of intact work team and other team configuration utilizing the consultant facilitator role and the theory and technology of applied behavioral science, including action research.?
There are many definitions, which has been given to describe the process none of which is likely to be understood in the context of this paper. Organizational development simple mat be described as a methodology or technique use to effect change in organization or section of this organization with a view of improving the organization effectiveness it has following attributed.
?????? A planned process of change
?????? Apply behavioral science approach
?????? Aims at the change of organization culture
?????? Aims at reinforcement of organization culture
?????? Apply to an entire system of an organization
?????? Target long term institutional activity
?????? A process managed by top
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DIFFERENT? CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISATIONAL???? DEVELOPMENT
? 1. VLAUE OF ORGANIZATION
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?As we can say that value of any organization is very important for its success, this is we can say like a success engine Stephen robin (1986. p.461) expressed these human value more concisely as follows
?????? The individual should be treated with respect and dignity
?????? The organization climate should be characterized by trust and support
?????? Problem and conflict should be conformed not be avoided
?????? People affected by change should be involved in the implementation
?2. ORGAZINATIONAL DEVELOPMENT APPORACH
??? The distinction between Lewin's and action research model is in the respective nature of action research. Lewin's model is the once only intervention. Buchanan and Huczyniski (1997) give seven steps that are as follows for intervention
?????? Scouting
?????? Entry
?????? Diagnosis
?????? Planning
?????? Action
?????? Establishing and evolution
?????? Termination
3. ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPEMANT INTERVENTION
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The existence of cretin condition is an organization which may be descried the internal environment is some time assumed Those who have been I an organization for too long cease to be conscious of such an environment and probably only new comers notice such condition. Different intervention are used when a need arise to change those condition some of those intervention are as given bellow
?????? Culture Analysis
?????? Process Consultation
?????? Structure change
?????? Team Building
?????? Role Negotiation
???????????? In? general camiseta del borussia dortmund way some others characteristics are as follow
1.????? Focus on culture and process
?2.????? Encourage collaboration between organisational leader and member in managing??? culture apnd process
3.????? focus
4.????? focus primarily on the human and social side of the organisational
5.????? team ao all kinds are particulary important for task accomplishments
EVOLUTION OF ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
?In India, O.D. and planned change started in the early 1960s. A group of Indian professionals trained at the National Training Laboratories (NTL) at Bethel, Maine, USA, brought out a good deal of O.D. technology in India. Grid programs were initiated and widely used in the Small Industries Extension Training (SIET) Institute, Hyderabad, State Bank of India and in the Indian Institute of Management (UM) programs in the mid 1960s. Unfortunately these remained isolated efforts and did not take O.D. to its logical conclusions.
In the mid-1970s, O.D. was first introduced in India in Larsen and Toubro as a formal and structured part of the HRD department. It was expected that the change process would get institutionalized and more O.D. specialists would be developed. Unfortunately, this did not happen as the corporate sector in the country has a very protected and secure environment and there were very few compulsions to change. Hence O.D. remained mostly in academic institutions - the forte of a few specialists and largely limited to T-group training and other training based interventions. That it has a slow growth is indicated by the fact that even after 25 years of existence, the Indian Society for Applied Behavioral Science (ISABS), an associate of NTL, produced less than 100 process specialists in the vast country.
There have been several efforts to apply O.D. approach and associated techniques in India but it has not created the desired impact. According to Srinivas (1994), one plausible explanation for this is that O.D. as it has emerged to date is culture specific, that it cannot be simply applied to locations outside the US. The issue of non-transferability of OD technology to cultures such as India has arisen because of the fear or distrust of its techniques of confrontation. The general practitioner or the change agent style of informality and an attitude of openness is also not suited to the Indian context. However, a deeper examination of values embedded in Indian religion and psycho-philosophy suggests that the cultural values are indeed largely supportive of organizational renewal and change. The rich cultural heritage also contains a paradigm of change, based on which new approaches and designs of O.D. interventions may be possible. And such designs are likely to be accepted more readily in the country.
The scenario has changed thanks to an increasing number of applied behavioral scientists and T-group trainers, the HRD movement and establishment of HRD departments, contributions of multinationals in India and the influence of Western education. Professional bodies such as ISABS (Indian Society for Applied Behavioral Sciences), Indian Society for Individual and Social Development (ISISD), Indian Society for Training & Development (ISTD), and the HRD Network, and academic institutions such as the IIMs (Indian Institute of Management) have further facilitated this. In the post liberalization period, every one has been forced to seek change. As a result, the application of O.D. technology has increased.
BROAD CONTEXT FOR ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
???????????1.Understanding Organization, leadership, and management
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? To really understand organizational change and begin guiding successful change efforts, the change agent should have at least a broad understanding of the context of the change effort. This includes understanding the basic systems and structures in organizations, including their typical terms and roles. This requirement applies to the understanding of leadership and management of the organizations, as well. That is why graduate courses in business often initially include a course or some discussion on organizational theory. This topic includes several links to help you gain this broad understanding. The following links (broadly reviewed in the following order) might be helpful to establish some sense about organizations, and their leadership and management.
??????????? 2. Understanding organizational performance and management
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?????????????????????????????????????????????????? Organizational change should not be conducted for the sake of change. Organizational change efforts should be geared to improve the performance of organizations and the people in those organizations. Therefore, it's useful to have some understanding of what is meant by "performance" and the various methods to manage performance in organizations
???????? 3. System thinking
??????????????????????????????????????????????? The past few decades have seen an explosion in the number of very useful tools to help change agents to effectively explore, understand and communicate about organizations, as well as to guide successful change in those organizations. Tools from systems theory and systems thinking especially are a major breakthrough. Even if camiseta del borussia dortmund the change agent is not an expert about systems theory and thinking, even a basic understanding can cultivate an entire new way of working. The following link is to many well-organized resources about systems thinking and tools.
?ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS ARE APPLIED BY INDIAN ORGANISATIONS
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